|
Period |
Major
Developments |
Example Buildings |
|
Pre-Roman |
community based structures, from
excavations carried out it is assumed mainly circular in nature |
Stonehenge, Wiltshire
Avebury, Wiltshire
Cadbury Castle, Somerset
Example Round Houses can be found at
Living History museums in England and Wales. |
|
Roman |
Built first cities and towns
Road systems, creating streets
Structures built with Brick
Hypocausts supplying hot water
Lavatoriums
Communal Baths |
Roman Baths, Somerset
Hadrian's Wall
Fishbourne Roman Palace, West Sussex |
|
Anglo-Saxon |
Mainly made of wood.
Use of Ashlar Masonry in combination with
reused Roman Brick.
Typically high and narrow, usually
accompanied with a West Tower.
Small windows with rounded or triangular
tops deeply splayed or in groups divided by squat columns. |
Only examples left are churches, although
most of those left today are Norman, no major Anglo Saxon church
survives.
Earls Barton Church, Northamptonshire
Bradford on Avon Church, Wiltshire |
|
Norman (Medieval) |
Destroyed all of England's existing
cathedrals and built Romanesque ones.
Rounded arches
Arcades supported by cylindrical piers
Low relief sculpture decoration
Decorative Chevron patterns
Motte and Bailey Castles |
Durham Cathedral
St Albans Cathedral, Hertfordshire
White Tower, Tower of London
Domestic examples include:
Haddon Hall, Derbyshire
Jews House, Lincoln
Oakham Castle, Rutland (a fortified manor
house) |
|
Gothic (Medieval) |
Influenced by France
Columns composed of multiple shafts
Large windows - often stained glass and
subdivided by decorative stone tracery.
Pointed arches, rib vaults, flying
buttresses and pinnacles
Large Gatehouses on castles |
Salisbury Cathedral, Wiltshire
Wells Cathedral, Somerset
Westminster Hall, London |
|
Vernacular (Medieval) |
Constructed of wood
Wattle and Daub, clay or Turf
Based around a Great Hall with a bay at
each end split into two one for service rooms the other for owners. |
Ightham Mote, Kent
Alfriston Clergy House, Sussex
Stokesay Castle, Shropshire |
|
Tudor |
Moved away from defence structures to
those for entertaining.
Tudor Arch
Increased use of Glass |
Hampton Court Palace
Longleat House, Wiltshire
Montacute House, Somerset
Hatfield House, Hertfordshire
Hardwick Hall, Derybshire |
|
Stuart |
Palladian style from Italy influenced by
Inigo Jones
Following the Great Fire of London
Sir Christopher Wren
Baroque style - included heavy
embellishment and mass |
Queens House, Greenwich
St Paul's Cathedral, London
Chatsworth House, Derbyshire
Castle Howard, Yorkshire
Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire |
|
Georgian |
European Palladianism
Urban development
Introduction of crescents and terraces. |
Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire
Kedleston Hall, Derbyshire
Georgian Terrace Bath, Somerset
Mayfair, London |
|
Victorian |
Romantic Medieval Gothic
Introduction of steel as a building
component |
Palace of Westminster |
| 20th Century |
Arts and Crafts
Non symmetrical design
Mullioned or Lattice windows
Multiple Gables
Tall chimneys
Art Deco |
Red House, Bexleyheath, Kent
Castell Coch, Cardiff
Manchester Central Library |
|
Modernism (20th Century) |
Following World War II cost dictated
designs, however it did still evolve with Brutalism - many are now being
redeveloped.
Re-inforced concrete frames.
Prefabricated buildings
Metal frames
Concrete cladding
High Rise housing |
Barbican Arts Centre, London
Royal National Theatre, London
Bracknell, Berkshire (town centre) |
|
High-Tech (20th Century) |
Mainly used in non-domestic buildings |
Lloyds Building, London
Millennium Dome |
|
Post Modern (20th Century) |
Fashionable in the 1980's with shopping
malls and office complexes |
Broadgate, London |
|
Neo-Classical (20th Century) |
|
|
|
Contemporary (20th Century) |
Sustainability
Glass |
Gateshead Millennium Bridge
London Eye
The Gherkin, London |
